Objective: This study aimed to determine the changes in the mRNA levels of the apoptotic and autophagic genes in the discoid meniscus. . The reported incidence of discoid meniscus ranges from 0.4 to 17% for the lateral meniscus [11, 12]. The History and Physical Exam for Discoid Meniscus: Differential Dia Feat. The cartilage absorbs the stress on the knee and acts as a cushion between the three bones that meet at the knee the femur (thigh bone . A discoid meniscus is an abnormal congenital morphological anomaly: it is thicker, has less vascularity, has a 'disc' shape instead of a normal 'semilunar' shape and covers more tibial plateau. It typically involves the lateral meniscus but can be bilateral in a small percentage of affected individuals. Sometimes repairs (suturing/stitching) of meniscus is necessary to correct the meniscus, and this can only be assessed during surgery. Some discoid menisci have abnormal peripheral attachments and are unstable. in 1936 [2, 3].As its name implies, the defining feature of the discoid meniscus is its . Finally, juvenile OCD has a better prognosis due to an open and active . Once a discoid meniscus is torn, it usually does not heal because the meniscus lacks a strong blood supply. The discoid meniscus is an uncommon anatomical meniscal variant that may present with pain, snapping, motion loss, swelling, and locking of the affected knee, typically during childhood or adolescence. Incidence of the discoid lateral . In the discoid meniscus, there are decreased collagen Discoid Meniscus Clinical Pearl Always check Hip ROM during a clinical exam for a pediatric knee patient Many hip pathologies may present as knee . While all patients initially underwent MRI for a suspected knee injury, those with lateral knee pain due to fracture, chondrosis, osseous stress response, or . My orthopedic surgeon indicated that discoid menisci are more prone to tears than "normal" menisci . A unique type of meniscus problem occasionally encountered in children is an abnormally shaped meniscus called a discoid meniscus. In the discoid meniscus, both the shape and the collagen are abnormal. Patella Dislocation and Discoid Meniscus: Actual Study Start Date : March 21, 2019: Estimated Primary Completion Date : December 31, 2022: . Individuals with a discoid meniscus can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. A discoid meniscus causes pain, stiffness, and swelling of the knee. The precise aetiology of a discoid meniscus is unknown, although some authors suggested that it is congenital, with a genetic or familiar predisposition for the development of discoid menisci.14, 33, 34. . Discoid meniscus . Discoid menisci are those that have a body that is too wide, usually affecting the lateral meniscus. Basics Description Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that are C-shaped (axial plane) and wedge-shaped (coronal plane). The Ohio State University - Wexner Medical Center. The discoid meniscus is a thickened, disc-like meniscus and is referred as a normal anatomical variant in 3% of general population mostly seen on the lateral side [1]. The histology and ul-trastructure of the discoid meniscus are different from those of a normal meniscus. Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder known as a branchial arch syndrome. There are variations in incidence in various population groups ranging from 0.4-17% for lateral discoid meniscus and 0.1-3 % for medial discoid meniscus. Conclusion: The discoid meniscus etiology should be considered both in morphological and genetic modulation manners: apoptotic and autophagic genes play roles with tibiofemoral morphological differences. A discoid meniscus is an unusual meniscus variant, and is wider than the normal crescentic shape. It should be noted that an asymptomatic . Sometimes repairs (suturing/stitching) of meniscus is necessary to correct the meniscus, and this can only be assessed during surgery. A discoid meniscus has abnormal morphology. To search for genetic risk factors of injury and put forward related scientific hypotheses. At birth the entire meniscus has a blood supply at birth but by 10 years of age the central third has become avascular. However, in some instances, it may hinder the patient's day to day life and needs immediate treatment. 4 symptomatic discoid menisci can occur equally in children, adolescents, and young adults, and trauma has been listed as the inciting cause of symptoms in 38 to 66% of patients. Yashoda hospital is the best hospital for Discoid Meniscus treatment in Hyderabad. Fewer patients with discoid meniscus in our study may explain that the attachment type and size of the pMFL were not related to discoid meniscus. More variants of the lateral than the medial meniscus have been reported. It may be present in just the one knee or both knees, and it is generally understood that the condition is genetic Several tears are amenable to arthroscopic repair. Answer: Discoid meniscus is a rare condition that affects the lateral meniscus present in the knee. We report members of a Caucasian family with abnormally Discoid meniscus . A discoid meniscus is an unusual meniscus variant, and is wider than the normal crescentic shape. embryological development and hereditary transmission.4 Symptomatic discoid menisci can occur equally in children, adolescents, and young adults, and trauma has been listed . It is a congenital defect whose correct etiology is still debated and far from being clarified. In some cases the entire meniscus needs to be excised due to un-repairable damage to the meniscus. Arthroscopy. The concept of a clinical syndrome of a snapping knee that is caused by this type of DLM is widely accepted in the pediatric orthopedic literature. Discoid Meniscus The meniscus is a wedge-shaped piece of cartilage that sits in between the bones of the knee and acts as a cushion to protect the bones during movement. M. Halstead 09:56. 2, 3 Incidence is estimated at 0.4% to 5.2% in . This results in a thickened meniscus that covers more of the lateral tibia (shin bone) than a normal meniscus. However, in some instances, it may hinder the patient's day to day life and needs immediate treatment. Discoid meniscus lacks C-shaped configuration. My meniscus was apparently "discoid" instead of C-shaped. 1-5 A discoid meniscus represents a meniscus with an atypical saucer-like shape that is thicker, covering a larger surface area of the tibial plateau compared with an anatomically normal crescent-shaped meniscus. Discoid meniscus (DM) is a rare variant of regular knee anatomy. The discoid meniscus is a relatively rare abnormality of the knee joint. It typically affects the lateral meniscus and may be found bilaterally (20%). The discoid meniscus is the most common abnormal meniscal variant in children . Meniscus tears usually occur after a sudden forceful twisting of the knee, which causes the meniscus the semicircular, wedge-shaped collection of soft cartilage in the knee to stretch and tear. Outside-in Repair of a Radial Tear of the Lateral Meniscus Body . A discoid lateral meniscus is the most common abnormality of the lateral meniscus. Background: How the meniscus adapts to the morphological changes in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment, in terms of gene expression, was the reason to establish this present study. We reviewed the cases of 2,132 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy between 1986 and 2004 and diagnosis of discoid lateral meniscus was established in 39 patients with mean age of 31.7 9.4 years old. The discoid meniscus is an anatomical variant of the normal meniscus where it is broader and saucer-shaped. When a well-meaning surgeon enters . There is a higher prevalence of discoid meniscus in Asian countries than in Western countries: 13% in Japan, 10.6% in Korea, 5.8% in India, and 3 to 5% in the United States [ 3, 4 ]. Discoid Meniscus is a rare orthopedic condition that occurs when the meniscus attains a half-moon or oval shape and thickens up. Healthy meniscus is shaped like crescent moons (in fact, "meniscus" comes from the Greek word for crescent). anatomical feature protects the lateral meniscus against the occurrence of tears5. . A discoid meniscus generally covers the entire tibial plateau. The discoid meniscus is a congenital anatomic variant that is estimated to affect up to 5% of the general US population [].In 1889, Young et al. 3 in contrast to lateral involvement, the A discoid meniscus can be associated with knee abnormalities such as high fibular head, fibular muscular defects, hypoplasia of the . Discoid Meniscus. However, cases of accessory lateral meniscus in the form of a double-layered meniscus are extremely uncommon (reported with a prevalence of 0.06% to 0.09% [2, 3]) and, when present, are believed to potentially contribute to the symptoms of patients . Hereditary transmission of the discoid lateral menisci is shown in some cases . There is a higher prevalence of discoid meniscus in Asian countries than in Western countries: 13% in Japan, 10.6% in Korea, 5.8% in India, and 3 to 5% in the United States [3, 4]. Lateral discoid meniscus is far more common than medial discoid meniscus, with the latter being rare. Specifically, this syndrome affects the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, which is the precursor of the maxilla and mandible.Since the branchial arches are important developmental features in a growing embryo, disturbances in their development create lasting and widespread effects. Discoid meniscus tears o en present in adolescents. A specific cause for developing a discoid meniscus is . discoid meniscus is a structural aberration of development, a genetic abnormality could possibly be at fault. Subjects and methods: We have investigated the apoptotic and autophagic gene . first reported on the morphology of the discoid meniscus, and the associated clinical "snapping knee syndrome" was subsequently described by Middleton et al. . Our Meniscus Transplant Center is dedicated to replacing the meniscus and has been successful at getting athletes back to high levels of activity, even if they had developed arthritis. It proves that arthroscopic surgery for discoid meniscus injury has the advantages of less damage and faster recovery, it is the first choice for the treatment of discoid meniscus injury, and the postoperative effect is significant in young patients and those with short duration of symptoms; mixed tears have a greater impact on the . Discoid meniscus is the most frequent congenital malformation . Epidemiology Discoid menisci are congenital, frequently bilateral (up to 50%) and have been reported in twins, although no genetic. PDF | Background: How the meniscus adapts to the morphological changes in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment, in terms of gene expression, was the. A Discoid Meniscus is a congenital defect of the meniscus (present in the knee). It is a congenital defect whose correct etiology is still debated and far from being clarified. 2. In some cases the entire meniscus needs to be excised due to un-repairable damage to the meniscus. 1993:591-595, Figure 3. Management of this disorder should be directed toward resolution of the symptoms while preserving meniscal tissue and function. Fourth, the presence of a discoid meniscus has a poorer prognosis due to the oversized meniscus causing excessive stress at the articular surface during motion (16). The discoid lateral meniscus is more common in females. Compared to standard meniscus it is thicker and abnormal in shape; these characteristics make it more prone to tear. Discoid meniscus is an abnormal meniscus that is thicker than normal and has a different shape and texture that usually affects the lateral meniscus of the knee 1) . The Discoid fibrocartilaginous structure differ to normal menisci with disorganized . Discoid menisci are congenital, frequently bilateral (up to 50%) and have been reported in twins, although no genetic locus has been identified . Instead of the narrow crescent shape, as seen in a normal meniscus above, a discoid meniscus is thickened, and has a fuller crescent shape. No theories of genetic etiology for discoid meniscus have been brought forward to date. Catching, popping, or locking in the knee are usually the symptoms the patient reports. Because the histology of discoid meniscus is different from that of normal meniscus, it is prone to tearing. In this video, I discuss their significance and how likely they are to be bilateral. Atik et al Discoid meniscus genetic etiology 648 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Volume 24 Issue 5 May 2021 in conditions leading to cellular stress, such as lack of nutrients and growth factors, to remove damaged organelles, long-lived proteins, and protein aggregates. A torn meniscus can be repaired, regenerated, or replaced at The Stone Clinic. A discoid meniscus is a dysmorphic meniscus found to be thicker, abnormal in shape, less stable and with decreased and disorganized collagen fibers compared to an anatomically normal meniscus. They are incidentally found in 3-5% of knee MRI examinations. The natural history depends on the type of anomaly and the nature and presence of symptoms. Meniscus Anatomy The meniscus is a soft and fibrous cartilage resting between the femur and the tibia in the knee. A meniscus tear can be diagnosed during a physical exam from a sports medicine expert who may check your knee's range of motion as well as your walking gait. 1 Although the etiology of discoid meniscus is not completely understood, it is considered a congenital anomaly with a possible genetic component. Discoid meniscus (DM) is a rare variant of regular knee anatomy. The prevalence of discoid meniscus in our study is similar to the literature. The discoid meniscus may be a congenital anomaly, and genetics or family history may play a role in the development of discoid menisci. The precise aetiology of a discoid meniscus is unknown, although some authors suggested that it is congenital, with a genetic or familiar . Clinical presentation The discoid meniscus may be an important associated finding to better understand the common complaints of leg pain for these patients. 11 Discoid lateral meniscus was originally believed to result from an incomplete breakdown of the central meniscus, but this is now disputed, as at no time in . Although the incidence for a discoid meniscus is between 3% and 5% for the general population, it is unknown with achondroplasia. This case series includes 4 patients, with ages ranging from adolescence to early . To demonstrate the importance of mutation or polymorphism of related genes in injury. A number of researchers have reported a relation between meniscal injuries and discoid meniscus (4,8,9). . Discoid menisci are usually found on the lateral (outer) side of the knee. A magnetic resonance imaging test may be prescribed to diagnose if a meniscus tear is present. The patients must The goal of surgery is to contour the discoid lateral meniscus to resemble a normal meniscus. O Brien T. Bilateral sleeve fractures of the patella in a 12-year-old boy with hereditary spastic paraparesisand crouch gait. There is also a genetic or familial factor that is believed to play a role in the development of discoid menisci. This condition is caused by a defect that causes the meniscus to be shaped like an oval instead of a c-shape. Bilateral discoid medial menisci (BDMM) represent an exceptionally rare congenital pathology of the knee joint that has low reported incidence. E. K. Schallert 06:05. A discoid meniscus is an abnormal congenital morphological anom-aly:itisthicker,haslessvascularity,hasa'disc'shapeinsteadofanormal 'semilunar' shape and covers more tibial plateau. Signs and symptoms of meniscus tears in children and teens Symptoms of a meniscus tear can include: Pain in the knee joint Swelling Limping Detailed history and physical examination combined with an MRI of the knee predictably diagnose a discoid meniscus. Some of the common symptoms of this condition includes Recurring pain, Stiffness or swelling i. Discoid menisci are prone to tearing secondary to increased thickness, poor tissue quality, and instability. Compared to standard meniscus it is thicker and abnormal in shape; these characteristics make it more prone to tear. Unfortunately a discoid meniscus does not work as well as a shock absorber and is more likely to tear . Many people have them and don't know it. | Find, read and cite all the research you . BMJ Case Rep 2013; DOI 10.1136/bcr-2013-202217. Some authors have reported bilateral discoid menisci in identical female twins 20) or in a family of three brothers and sisters 20, 21). Discoid menisci are usually found on the lateral (outer) side of the knee. . Unique Radiologic Features of Discoid Menisci Feat. Discoid lateral meniscus is an intra-articular knee disorder that typically presents in children and adolescents. 10 It is the most common meniscal variant in children. Pathogenetically, the discoid meniscus may result from failure of the central resorption during the embryologic development [2]. High type pMFLs tended to be thicker and larger than low type pMFLs and higher thickness and volume of the pMFL was significantly related to the degenerative lateral meniscal tear. The management of a meniscal cyst consists of diagnostic arthroscopy to determine the presence of a meniscal tear. discoid meniscus, several additional radiographic abnormali-ties may also detected: meniscal cyst formation, anomalous The presence of lateral discoid meniscus on MRI was defined as a medialized extension of the inner margin of the meniscus beyond the midline apex of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) . Hereditary transmission of the discoid lateral menisci is shown in some cases [9]. The female preponderance of DLM (7:5) was observed The discoid lateral meniscus is .